推理機問題==>下載推理機 (racer pro) 跟jashin 同學要到的
二二、Remove the disjoint statement between CheeseTopping and VegetableTopping to seewhat happens
因為vegetable和cheese topping有不一致的問題，所以在cheesetopping的disjoint 的欄位上，移除掉
vegetabletopping 即可
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It should be noticeable that ProbeInconsistentTopping is no longer inconsistent!This means that individuals which are members of the class ProbeInconsistent-Topping are also members of the class CheeseTopping and VegetableTopping —something can be both cheese and a vegetable!This clearly illustrates the importance of the careful use of disjoint axioms inOWL. OWL classes ‘overlap’ until they have been stated to be disjoint from eachother. If certain classes are not disjoint from each other then unexpected resultscan arise. Accordingly, if certain classes have been incorrectly made disjoint fromeach other then this can also give rise to unexpected results.
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二三、Fix the ontology by making CheeseTopping and Vegetable disjoint from each other
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充分且必要條件All of the classes that we have created so far have only used necessary conditions to describe them.Necessary conditions can be read as, “If something is a member of this class then it is necessary
to fulfil these conditions”. With necessary conditions alone, we cannot say that, “If something
fulfils these conditions then it must be a member of this class”.
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二四、Convert the necessary conditions for CheesyPizza into necessary & sufficient conditions
二五、Use the reasoner to automatically compute the subclasses of CheesyPizza
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Universal restrictions (倒A的符號)
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二六、Create a class to describe a VegetarianPizza
二七、Convert the necessary conditions for VegetarianPizza into necessary & sufficientconditions
二八、Use the reasoner to classify the ontology
--------------------Closure Axioms--------------------
二九、Add a closure axiom on the hasTopping property for MargheritaPizza
三十、Add a closure axiom on the hasTopping property for SohoPizza
三一、Automatically create a closure axiom on the hasTopping property for AmericanaPizza
三二、Automatically create a closure axiom on the hasTopping property for AmericanHot-Pizza
三三、Use the reasoner to classify the ontology
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closure axiom指的應該是 最後使用的一個限制
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Value Partitions這是 design pattern 不是owl的語言 用以設值用的象是pizza的大小 分大、中、小
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三四、Create a ValuePartition to represent the spiciness of pizza toppings
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Covering Axioms主題a 包含主題b 及主題c
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三五、Use the properties matrix wizard to specify the spiciness of pizza toppings(找不到，跳過)
三六、Create a SpicyPizza as a subclass of Pizza
三七、Use the reasoner to classify the ontology
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Cardinality Restrictions
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三八、Create an InterestingPizza that has at least three toppings(該pizza 至少要有三種 topping)
<<<<<第四章結束>>>>>>>
Chapter 5
More On Open World Reasoning
三九、Create NonVegetarianPizza as a subclass of Pizza and make it disjoint to Vegetarian-Pizza (要和 VegetarianPizza class disjoint)
四十、Make VegetarianPizza the complement of VegetarianPizza
四一、Add Pizza to the necessary and sufficient conditions for NonVegetarianPizza
四二、Use the reasoner to classify the ontology
四三、Create a subclass of NamedPizza with a topping of Mozzarella
四四、Use the reasoner to classify the ontology
Chapter 6
Creating Other OWL Constructs In Prot´eg´e-OWL6.1 Creating Individuals
四五、Create a class called Country and populate it with some individuals
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individuals = Instance
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四六、Create a hasValue restriction to specify that MozzarellaTopping has Italy as its countryof origin.
四七、Convert the class Country into an enumerated class
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Annotation Properties
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OWL has five pre-defined annotation properties that can be used to annotate classes (including
anony-mous classes such as restrictions), properties and individuals:1. owl:versionInfo — in general the range of this property is a string.2. rdfs:label — has a range of a string. This property may be used to add meaningful, human
readablenames to ontology elements such as classes, properties and individuals. rdfs:label can also be usedto provide multi-lingual names for ontology elements.3. rdfs:comment — has a range of a string.4. rdfs:seeAlso — has a range of a URI which can be used to identify related resources.5. rdfs:isDefinedBy — has a range of a URI reference which can be used to reference an ontology
thatdefines ontology elements such as classes, properties and individuals.
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Multiple Sets Of Necessary & Sufficient Conditions
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四八、Create a class to define a Triangle using multiple sets of Necessary & Sufficient conditions
Chapter 7
Other Topics
四九、Create a namespace and prefix to refer to classes, properties and individuals in theWine ontology
五十、Create a namespace and prefix to refer to classes, properties and individuals in theWine ontology
五一、Import the koala ontology into an ontology
<不想弄了啦 >0< ~~) 好累~~ 剩一些名稱空間的東西… 有空再研究吧…建本體比較重要…
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